¿Qué comisiones me pueden aplicar a la hora de comprar un fondo de inversión?
A la hora de invertir, uno de los factores que puede condicionar que lo hagamos en un activo u otro, es la comisión que tenga el activo. Los fondos de inversión es uno de los activos que más dudas suele generar en este aspecto, ya que a la hora de mirar el folleto informativo de un fondo, aparecen ciertas comisiones y gastos que podemos no tener claro si se nos van a aplicar o no.
Costes directos e indirectos
En primer lugar, antes de pasar a ver las comisiones que puede cobrar un fondo de inversión, debemos de tener claro que hay una serie de comisiones que el fondo descuenta del patrimonio gestionado y que por tanto se descuentan del valor liquidativo del mismo; y existen otras comisiones que se pueden descontar de la cuenta corriente.
Las comisiones que el fondo descuenta del patrimonio, se denominan comisiones indirectas, ya que no las pagamos directamente en cuenta, si no que nos minoran la rentabilidad que nos proporciona el fondo; mientras que las comisiones que se nos carguen en cuenta corriente por tener ese fondo de inversión, se denominarían comisiones directas.
Costes indirectos
Veamos algunos tipos de comisiones indirectas en un fondo de inversión.
Comisión de Gestión: Es la principal comisión de un fondo de inversión, y se trata de la comisión que el fondo cobra por gestionar el patrimonio. Con esta comisión se paga a los gestores y otro tipo de gastos internos que pueda tener el fondo para su funcionamiento, como gastos de auditoría por ejemplo.
Comisión de Éxito: Comisión que puede cobrar la gestora del fondo, si este llega a un nivel de rentabilidad mínimo y fijado de antemano.
Comisión de Depósito: Comisión que puede cobrar la gestora del fondo por el depósito y custodia de los activos que tiene dentro del fondo de inversión y que repercute al cliente.
Comisión de Suscripción: Comisión que puede cobrar la gestora del fondo porque el inversor compre participaciones de su fondo.
Comisión de Reembolso: Comisión que puede cobrar la gestora del fondo por vender las participaciones de su fondo.
Costes directos
Veamos algunos tipos de comisiones directas en un fondo de inversión.
Comisión de Suscripción: Comisión que puede cobrar la entidad que comercializa el fondo por comprarlo. No hay que confundir esta comisión que cobra la entidad comercializadora, es decir el banco, con la que puede cobrar la gestora del fondo. Son comisiones diferentes.
Comisión de Reembolso: Comisión que puede cobrar la entidad que comercializa el fondo por venderlo. Al igual que en el caso anterior, no confundir la comisión que puede cobrar la comercializadora con la que puede cobrar la gestora.
Comisión de Custodia: Comisión que puede cobrar la entidad que comercializa el fondo por tener el fondo depositado. Suele ser una comisión anual, pero pagadera trimestralmente.
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